Alternative Energy Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Energy Sources - Essay Example The liquefaction and gasification processes for coal may soon be as economical as obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from conventional sources, and both processes seem likely to be used commercially within the 1970s. Reliance on coal for all fossil fuel needs would of course shorten the life expectancy of our coal reserves considerably. One possible alternative is the oil shelf, which constitute a potential energy resource much larger even than coal. Hydroelectric energy and the energy of the wind and tides will always be available (Manwell and Rogers 41). The rate at which these energy sources can be exploited, however, is limited by the global flow of energy in the form of falling water, wind, and tides at any given time. It is also limited by the number of sites where these processes can be exploited economically. Power is the rate at which energy flows or is used. Continuous energy sources, such as the water cycle, are usually characterized in terms of power -- say in kilowatts - - although they could easily be characterized by the amount of energy flowing per day or per yea (Beggs 76). The world's potential production of hydroelectric power is roughly half of the amount of power now being produced by fossil fuels.

Tamworth Town Essay Example for Free

Tamworth Town Essay The task is to create some sort of form that will capture the relevant data from the people who fill it in. Consequently, people fill it in after collecting it in the shop, or at other shops and then we get members, which leads to rentals, and money for my Uncle. The data capture form will be an A5 piece of paper, and will have all the relevant fields needed to input a new customer into the list. In this task, I will have to use boxes that are the same size and ones that are big enough to fit hand written letters in. In addition, the boxes will need to be straight, or it will look incompetent. Moreover, to create a professional look, it will have to be a small form, two per A4 sheets, because one per A4 sheet would be rather large, and extremely clumsy. Additionally, to reduce incompetence, I should align the boxes singularly, so that every box is in line perfectly. For each field I will need the correct number of boxes: Title = 4 boxes   First Name = 16 boxes   Second Name = 16 boxes   House Number = 12 boxes   Road Name = 16 boxes   Town = 12 boxes   Postal Code = 4 and 3 boxes Home Phone = 5 and 6 boxes Date of Birth = 2 and 2 and 4 boxes. Password = 16 boxes Software Requirements The software I choose must be able to: Import pictures, so that I can put use my created logo publicly. Create input boxes, so that they can be filled in appropriately, a letter at a time.   Move pictures, so that the logo can be moved into an appropriate position.   Input text, so that the input boxes have titles, so that people know where to write what.   Overlap and underlay objects, so that if the logo is near any input boxes, it can under lap them, and not overlap them with its white background. Change the text font, and size, so that I do not have to keep boring Arial text, and can make good titles.   Align objects, so that my input boxes can be arranged in a line, so they are straight, and not odd and disproportionate. Software I could use Microsoft Word to do this task. However, it is only a word processor, and cannot do some complex functions I need to perform. It cannot align objects, as far as I know, and for a professional look, I definitely need this feature, I need the input boxes to look as neat as possible. I also know of no way to under and overlap objects in MSWord. This is also important if I wish to place my logo directly above my input boxes, as its white background may go over the top of the boxes. I could use Serif Page plus eight for this task. It is a publishing program, and has all of the features I need. It can import pictures using the usual copy and paste technique, but through Insert Picture as well. It can create boxes using the object drawer, which preset is a box. So all you need to do is click on the box on the left hand side toolbar, and draw the box to the wanted size. It can move pictures by dragging them, click, and hold, then drag. It can input text in two ways, a normal frame box, or a graphic text one. The normal one is easier to read, so I will use that. It can over and under lap objects with the two buttons on the arrange toolbar, at the top: With these, the left sends the item to the back, and the right one brings the picture to the front. It can change text through the formatting toolbar, which is normally on the top of the display, at the bottom of all the toolbars. It can align objects by highlighting them and then right clicking and clicking Align Objects, and then selecting to which side it needs aligning. This is useful because you can choose which side you can align it to. Conclusion I am going to use Serif page plus eight for this task because it is the best program for the job. It can do everything that is needed from the task and can do a lot more than Microsoft Word can. It can underlay and overlap, and it can align objects, both of which are key to the task in hand. It is simple to use and all the major tools are on the screen in toolbars, no need to use menus. Outline Plan I am going to load a new page and then turn it into landscape mode. After that, I will produce titles for each input subject, and then create boxes for each input subject; the numbers of boxes are listed above. Then I will put the background in, by creating a square and using the fill and linear techniques to put a white and light blue background behind all the boxes. I will then put the logo at the top above all the boxes, to the left a bit, leaving space on the right for the address to go in. After that I will input two more graphics, which are two port-hole type circles, with a blue centre, I have two different sizes, the big will go at the top, and the small at the bottom.

Comparing Cousin Kate and Seduction :: Elaine McAuley Christina Rossetti Essays

Comparing Cousin Kate and Seduction 'Cousin Kate' is set in the Victorian ages. It is about a young, beautiful working class maiden, who is taken away from her simple life by a lord, to a life of riches and luxuries. She lives a very shameful life because she lives with him and is sexually active with the lord before marriage. She even has a child with him. The maiden’s much more attractive cousin appears and the lord is intrigued by her. He leaves the maiden for Kate. The poem has a twist at the end; Cousin Kate is only interested in his money, but she cannot conceive any children for him, and the maiden already has a son of the lord’s and he will inherit his father’s wealth and land as his heir. A once poor cottage maiden will now live the life of luxury again but in the right way. In ‘I was a cottage maiden’, by using ‘I’, I can tell that the poem is in first person and is being told from the victim’s perspective; this also gives the reader access to the narrator’s thoughts and feelings. The poem is in past tense. ‘Cottage’ emphasises that she is from a working class background and ‘maiden’ suggests that she is a virgin, but being in past tense, the use of the word ‘was’ indicates that she is no more. ‘Hardened by the sun and air’ suggests that she is an outside worker; ‘hardened’ suggests that she is weather beaten. This could mean that her skin could be tanned from working in the hot sun. This also indicates that she is lower class. ‘Contented with my cottage mates’ suggests that she is informal and ordinary. This line also tells me that she is happy with her life. In the next line the narrator says ‘not mindful I was fair’ suggesting that she is unaware of her beauty. She then asks a rhetorical question: ‘why did the great find me out?’ The narrator uses this to show her regret over the lord. On the next line she says ‘and praises my flaxen hair’. This shows the lords pathetic attempts to impress the maiden; the words ‘flaxen hair’ suggest that her hair was stringy, dry and a pale yellow colour. The narrator repeats the rhetorical question ‘why did the great lord find me out?’ again to emphasise her regret and mis-judgement over the lord. ‘To fill my heart with care’ is ambiguous: the first is that she loves him; the second is that the lord brings the maiden worries. In second verse the narrator is very critical towards her supposed

Organizational Behavior (Work-Related Stress)

| Organizational Behavior| a) What are the major sources of work-related stress? b) Examine the role of gender in work-related stress| | | | Adnan Malik – H00133313 Chris Andrew D’Silva – H00115516 Muhammad Mohsin – H00114888 Muhammad Hammad Malik – 091616937 Word Count: 2200 Date: 27/10/2012 | This essay aims to discuss major sources of work-related stress and provide an analysis of the reasons that cause stress among both males and females, and whether similarities exist between them. So, what is stress? Comprehensively, stress is a typical instinctive reaction to situations that make one feel pressured or agitated in any way.For instance, when a person senses any sort of threat, he/she delivers an automatic stress response or the â€Å"fight or flight† reaction. Thus, this reaction is the body’s means to protect themself. Moreover, stress can help a person to remain attentive and focussed during their course of work, and aid them to complete tasks or meet deadlines. In case of an emergency, stress can also help one defend or protect their life. Beyond a particular level however, stress is no longer helpful and begins to cause damage to one’s health, productivity and lifestyle (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, 2000).Therefore, it is important to determine when one undergoes stress, the reasons for it as well as the many ways through which, they can cope with it. All this can improve their psychological and mental well-being significantly. As identified by The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) using Palmer Et Al and Cary Cooper’s developments of the working models of work-related stress, there are six significant likely sources of stress or stressors at a work place in general.These are: work demands, work relationships, a person’s control over work, an individual’s role within an organization, career development and the interface between home and work. To begin wit h, work demands and physical demands consist of stressors that are constitutive to the job. These include working environments, workload (overload and underload), working hours and even technology to a certain extent. Working environments: It is obvious that undesirable working settings such as workplaces with high levels of noise, bad lightings or extreme temperature can stress workers and down their performances.Furthermore, this can give rise to mental as well as physical illnesses or disorders. Workload: employees usually endure a surplus of workload (work overload) or a deficit of workload (work under load). The two are quantitative and qualitative by nature and may result in elevated stress levels. Quantitative overload relates to circumstances wherein workers are required to do a lot more work in a stipulated time period and qualitative overload refers to situations in which workers believe that they would be unable to perform required tasks because they lack the ability or e xpertise needed.Likewise, quantitative and qualitative work under load also leads to stress, although, it may not be so evident. Quantitative under load occurs when workers tend to get bored as a result of having very little work with a lot of available time. Whereas qualitative under load relates to an employee’s feeling of reduced motivation due to their dull or monotonous job routine. Working hours: working for long hours can lead to stress; diminishing a worker’s productivity and consequently lead to mental or physical ill-health.A recent study states that working for 11 hours a day can increase possibilities of a heart disease due to high stress levels. The study features at the same level to individuals who smoke; individuals who have high cholesterol levels and even individuals with high blood pressure. Technology: similarly, reports have revealed that excessive use certain information technology (IT) in companies by its employees can also cause negative physiol ogical as well as psychological problems. Secondly, maintaining good, healthy relationships with superiors, subordinates and co-workers are very important at a work place.Frequent conflicts, trust issues, aggravation and oppression are all factors expected to elevate stress levels. Besides this, in most cases, when individuals meet successes, they tend to abandon their ties with colleagues, friends and behaviour. This theory is called ‘status incongruity’. Undergoing such a negative transformation could lead to damaging effects, psychologically as well as physically. Further to this, an individual’s control over his/her work is another source of stress. Basically, it is a person’s authority and way in which they perform given tasks.High levels of stress are usually linked with low levels of one’s control over their job and vice versa. Fourthly, the individual’s role within an organisation: a prime cause of stress that is associated with the à ¢â‚¬Ëœjob role’ of an individual along with the demands made upon him/her. There are a number of ways through which this source of stress is one most workers usually face. These are: Role Conflict: a form of social conflict initiated by a person being obliged to play discrete and mismatched roles.Conflict of roles can arise at an individual level, wherein one person is required to take on separate roles for diverse groups, or in a workplace in which a person is needed to comply with several roles in one particular group. For example, an individual who undertakes the role of a worker as well as a supervisor endures role conflict. Role obscurity: this usually arises when a person lacks clarity about a job and is uncertain about the anticipated manner in which he/she should conduct themselves.For example, people generally tend to be quite stressed on the first day of work because they are not fully certain of their responsibilities or the way the company operates. Both role obsc urity and role conflict are highly related to increased stress levels and further lead to reduced levels of job satisfaction. Accountability for others and managerial stress: people who are accountable for other people in a workplace often suffer from increased stress compared to others. People responsible for this are usually managers or supervisors.For example, some managers of companies are responsible for the actions of their subordinates. They have to look into motivating and satisfying them in order to safeguard the interests of the company. Apart from this they’re personalities generally demand them to be very competitive, pressurized and contentious and such characteristics can prove damaging to their physical and mental state. Another potential stressor is the development of one’s career: an imperative source of stress that talks about job insecurity, over-promotion and under-promotion, acquisitions and mergers and occupational locking-in.Job insecurity: in mo st cases, an individual’s risk of losing his/her job or being unemployed is directly linked with various illnesses and health problems. Over-promotion & under-promotion: over-promotion refers to a situation in which an employee acquires responsibilities that surpass their abilities and skills and the latter refers to a situation, wherein an individual is not given enough responsibilities that meet his/her ability. Both such circumstances can lead to significant levels of stress and furthermore deteriorate a person’s psychological state. Acquisitions and mergers: these affect both executives (managers, directors etc. and subordinates who are then required to conform to the rules, objectives and manners of the new establishment. Occupational locking-in: this circumstance arises when a person is unable to shift from their current job. Lastly, the work and home interface, also known as the balance between work and life is a major source of work related stress that comprise s of events that take place external to the work place of an individual but embarks negative effects on his/her conduct at work. These events may be concerns associated to family, financial problems and opposing personal and company views.Role of gender in work-related stress: According to Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, stress is what we feel when we have to respond to a demand on our energy. Stress is a natural part of life, and occurs whenever there are significant changes in our lives, whether positive or negative. There are many situations that cause stress such as financial worries, work overload, unemployment, relationships, parenting, balancing work and family, caregiving, health problems, losses, holidays, competitiveness, peer pressure and lack of time (Canadian Mental Health Association, n. d. ).Workplace stress according to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety is defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that can result from conflicts between job demands on the employee and the amount of control an employee has over meeting these demands (Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and safety, 2000). Hoel, Zapf & Cooper have explained the reasons of workplace stress developing due to changing environments. They state that during the 1980’s work environments were transformed by globalization, privatization, process re-engineering, mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances and joint ventures.With time a situation known as ‘burnout’ occurred. In the 1990’s the workplace suddenly changed. Firms started to downsize, delayer and flatten. As a result redundancy and organizational change occurred. Technology started shaping in which has increased the work pace and caused information overload. Consequently job intensification and work insecurity occurred (Hoel et al. , 2002). When it comes to gender, there are a number of wants both male and female desire. For males it is higher pay in order to increase their standard of living, and promotions to boost their status in society.What is more they require recognition for their work and more leisure time to be able to fulfil household commitments. On the other hand, for females they want to have flexible work timings since they take care of children and perform house duties. Moreover, they desire to work in an environment where they are supported and taken care of. As a result of this, they remain loyal to their job. Also, they want to work in a decent reputable firm where their ideas are appreciated and implemented which in turn increases their job performance.Lastly, they demand respect and trust from fellow subordinates. There are a number of reasons why individuals both male and female get work related stress. A detailed analysis of the factors that causes stress for both genders will be presented. For females, one factor that causes stress is balancing both life and work. This is difficult and tough to mana ge. The reason is due to being away from home and spending long hours at the office which causes them to miss their family and children. Another cause is procrastinating.This refers to leaving the project or assignment to the last minute which results in high levels of anxiety, tension and worry. Also, over-committing is another reason. This means that one has to try and think how he/she will fulfil least important priorities before moving onto the top priority tasks. In addition to this not setting priorities can cause high levels of stress. This means that the individual would feel that he/she is overworking. Both mental and physical overload occurs. Poor relationships with co-workers and subordinates can also be a contributing reason of stress. Without good elationships, assignments will be difficult to complete, teamwork is limited and strained, and it will be difficult to get assistance when required. Poor communication is another cause of stress. This refers to information bei ng misinterpreted, not understood; details omitted, which causes confusion, and re doing the work all over again. Lastly confusion on where certain documents are located is a factor for stress occurring. As a result of all these factors, women are more likely to report burnout, stress-related illness, or a desire to leave their jobs (International Labour Organization, 2001).In the case of males, job insecurity is one factor that causes stress. Due to economic changes and pressures the working environment is gradually decreasing over time. This is caused by reorganizations, mergers, takeovers; downsizing and other changes have become major players in creating stress. Moreover, higher demand of performance by chief operating officers is another factor. As employees get promoted there is a greater amount of workload, extremely long hours to work and high expectations all cause them to be both physically and mentally drained. Advanced technology is another reason.Managers expect that al l workers should increase productivity, speed and efficiency in completing their tasks. This is difficult for staff as they are under increased amounts of pressure. Adjusting to the new workplace can be a challenge to newer staff. This includes learning the proper styles of communication and getting to know co-workers, supervisors and bosses. This in turn causes stress. Lastly, personal problems are also another reason for stress. If there are difficulties at home, individuals tend to carry their issues to the workplace which leads them to being unfocused, depressed and having a lack of motivation to work.On comparing the reasons of stress for both males and females it can be noted that men tend to show physical deterioration as a response to stressful situations whereas women generally exhibit psychological symptoms (Wichert, 2002). To prevent stress in the workplace, companies adopt some methods. One method is to provide fitness and wellbeing programs such as reduced gym membershi p rates, playing sports, team building exercises, and providing play areas for mothers’ children. Also, by organizing company events, parties and social gatherings employees can enjoy themselves, have fun, and develop new relationships with ew people. In conclusion, stress cannot be totally prevented at the workplace but can be significantly reduced if the firms decide to implement stress-reducing measures such as fitness programs and fun, social events and team building exercises. Regardless of gender, both men and women tend to have work related stress but the level of stress for females is relatively higher than males mainly due to domestic responsibilities. Bibliography: Aziz, S. and Cunningham, J. (2008). Workaholism, work stress, work-life imbalance: exploring gender's role.. Gender in Management [online]. 23, p. 553-566.Available from: ;http://ezproxy1. hw. ac. uk:2147/journals. htm? articleid=1752041;. [Accessed 25 October 2012]. Melanie, B. (2005). Stress in the Work place: A General Overview of the Causes, the Effects, and the Solutions. Workplace Stress [online]. 1, p. 1-44. Available from: ;http://www. cmhanl. ca/pdf/Work Place Stress. pdf;. [Accessed 25 October 2012]. How to Keep Control Over the Work Environment  [online]. (2009). Available from: ;http://www. exforsys. com/career-center/personal-excellence/keep-control-over-the-work-environment. html;. [Accessed 25/10/2012]. Stress at Work  [online]. 2004). Available from: ;http://www. theworkfoundation. com/downloadpublication/report/69_69_stress_at_work. pdf;. [Accessed 24/10/2012]. Stress at a workplace  [online]. (2007). Available from: ;1. http://www. hse. gov. uk/research/hsl_pdf/2003/hsl03-02. pdf;. [Accessed 26/10/2012]. Bloomberg (2011). Stress  [online]. Available from: ;http://www. bloomberg. com/news/2011-0†¦ tudy-says. html;. [Accessed 26/10/2012]. Howard Kahn (2011). Organizational Behavior. UK: Heriot Watt. Available from: ;/webapps/blackboard/execute/launcher? t ype=Course;id=_65776_1;url=;. [Accessed 24/10/2012].

Proposal †Story of an Hour Essay

Topic: The hidden feminism in â€Å"Story of an Hour†. My objective is to reveal author Kate Chopin’s feminist message in â€Å"Story of an Hour†, by identifying key elements of the short story. The main elements I want to focus on is Mrs. Mallard’s attitude toward the conflict in the story, I think that showed a feminist attitude. Mrs. Mallard’s every action and words exerted feminism, how she truly felt about her marriage was finally exposed. I would like to also pinpoint the acts of feminism during the time that this story was written that could possibly relate to each other. Thesis: Mrs. Mallard’s reaction of excitement to her husbands death revealed a feminist view of how most women truly felt and thought about their husbands back then. Questions to address: If this was Chopins way of expressing feminism, why would she do it in a form of ironic writing? Since â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written a little over 10 years after the time the death of Chopin’s first husband’s death similar to Mrs. Mallards? Did majority of women, back in those days, feel oppressed about their marriage like Mrs. Mallards did? In the story, Mrs. Mallard is diagnosed with heart disease, was this her true cause of death or was it â€Å"the joy that killed†? Did Chopin use Mrs. Mallard’s death as a form of guilt for being excited for her husband’s supposed death? Methodology: The sources that I intend on using for this assignment are reader’s journals from Galileo and other similar sites, that are written on â€Å"Story of an Hour†, and also secondary source books from my school library. The articles that I plan to utilize are the ones that have feminist references to â€Å"Story of an Hour†. I will those references in particular to support my argument. In addition I intend on using is a former reader response I have written on the character of Mrs. Mallard. By using this reader response as another secondary source, I am going to relate a few references to my argument and support that as well.

Workaholism

Workaholism We often complain that we are too busy. A recent survey shows that the number of hours we devote to our work constantly increases while the number of our leisure hours decreases.We often complain that we are too busy. A recent survey shows that the number of hours we devote to our work constantly increases while the number of our leisure hours decreases. Therefore we try to do everything to save a little time for ourselves. We do all the shopping once a week, we buy products that begin with words 'Quick' or 'Instant', we never go to work without a walkaman or book so that the travel time is not 'wasted'. If we finally decide to have a break, we usually squeeze a variety of pleasures into one special weekend. Being overbusy is considered so natural nowadays, that we even feel anxious if we have any time to spare.The Human Use of Human BeingsAs one psychologist said, being overbusy is the perfect escapist behaviour. However the problem arises when we begin to realize that we run oursel ves like machines and we never see the hours we have saved because we pack them with new activities. The myth of 'faster-is-better' finally turns againist us. We feel exhausted and we begin to hate work. A recent survey shows that for more and more people simply'staying at home with the family ' is the favourite way of spending their free time.We live in an imperfect world so we are constantly given the message that everything should be perfect. We are judged every minute by what and how much we do. The more we do the better we feel about ourselves. The more we can squeeze into 24 hours the better human beings we are. When we try to do too much we may fail,

Analysis of Microsoft Gulf

Analysis of Microsoft Gulf There is no use denying the fact that modern age could be characterized by blistering development of corporations which managed to seize various markets and introduce its products or services to people who reside in different parts of the world. Additionally, blistering development of globalization and various means of transport made cooperation between departments of a company, which are situated in a great number of countries, easier.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Microsoft Gulf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is why, nowadays, we can observe several huge international companies that struggle with each other in order to grasp the market and obtain extra benefits. It is obvious that usually the most perspective directions of development and regions are chosen. Traditionally, Europe and the USA had been taken as such regions. Thus, nowadays, the shift of priorities could be observed as countries which were comparatively weak in the past start to develop and attract attention. It should be said that the UAE has become one of these states. Having great oil deposits and developed oil extraction industry, the state can boast one of the greatest incomes in the world. That is why, blistering development of the economy of the UAE coincided with the growth of the number of offices that represent various international companies. With this in mind, the main aim of the given paper is the analysis of the main peculiarities of the functioning of Microsoft Gulf department, that is the part of a great Microsoft corporation and now functions within the territory of the UAE. It is obvious that the given company tries to introduce its products and services to new and perspective market and that is why, its functioning is organized in the most beneficial and efficient way. First of all, it should be said that Microsoft corporation is one of the most famous and beneficial companies in the worl d which annual income is bigger than the budget of many states (Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), 2015). Though, it is obvious that any company has to evolve and promote its further development in order to remain topical and beneficial. Under these conditions, Microsoft Company realized the necessity of new markets that will be able to increase the demand for its products and result in the significant increase of the level of incomes. However, one should mind that the process of introducing products to the new market is rather complicated and consists of a great number of various peculiarities that should be taken into account while trying to take on the market. Peculiarities of language, culture and demands of customers should be given great attention while analyzing the state of the new market and creating the strategic plan. With this in mind, along with the decision to introduce its services to the Gulf region, Microsoft company also organized the department which main task is to al ign efficient and beneficial functioning of the company in the region.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Microsoft Gulf nowadays is one of the most beneficial international companies that function all over the world and in the Gulf region, trying to provide qualified services to its customers in terms of peculiarities of local demands that could be taken as the reflection of customs, traditions and the state of the economy of the country. In other words, it is possible to say that Microsoft Gulf tries to spread its influence in the UAE, creating new departments and organizing new ways to work and improve the quality of services. Having outlined the background for the development and introduction of the products of Microsoft corporation to the UAE market, it is also possible to start the analysis of the given company from the determination of its shareholder structur e and the role which shareholders play in the functioning of a company. First of all, it should be said that being a giant international company with great incomes, Microsoft is obviously organized according to rather popular pattern that is able to guarantee its efficient functioning. The company is ruled by the shareholders council which consists of people who possess companys shares. They do not perform managerial functions, thought, they accept some very important strategic decisions and determine the way in which company will develop. It should also be said that the shareholder structure is quite simple though efficient. The shares of the company are distributed between the main shareholders who now are Steven Ballmer with 333 million shares, then comes Bill Gates with 330 million and other important shareholders who own shares which comprise not more than 1% of the total number (Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), 2015). However, due to the peculiarities of the shareholder structure , there are shares which could be bought by anyone who wants to become the shareholder of the Microsoft company (Sheridan, 2014). The shares of the company could be bought on the brokers board or directly from the shareholder. However, one should mind that Microsoft is a giant international corporation with the great level of incomes, that is why its shares cost a lot and if a person wants to become not just a common shareholder, but to have the right to participate in the shareholders council, he/she has to by at least one percent of shares. However, Microsoft organizes annual shareholders meetings in order to inform people about the strategic steps performed by the company and keep in contact with them.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Analysis of Microsoft Gulf specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These meetings are organized with the help of various web technologies so the shareholders do not have to go to the main office. With this in mind, it is possible to conclude that the shareholder structure of Microsoft company is organized according to the traditional pattern as the main shareholders are able to manage the company and accept some important strategic decisions, while the rest of shareholders could just collect dividends from owning shares of the company. Nevertheless, it is impossible but mention the way in which the process of the company is organized and how the main tasks are accomplished. With this in mind, it is possible to say that being the international company which centers on the production and distribution of various IT technologies, Microsoft tries to guarantee the efficient and clear process of delivery of a product and payment because its image depends on it. Thus, having a great number of plants and factories all over the world. the company organizes its functioning in the way that could guarantee that the needed device or hardware will be delivered to the needed place i n time. Moreover, it has to be of a good quality in order to meet the standards of the company, that is why the main principles of TQM are also implemented in the functioning of the company. Besides, one of the main peculiarities of the companys process is the great attention given to the credibility of partners and methods they use to pay for their products. That is why, Microsoft declares the standardization of its procurement practices. In other words before payment can be approved, every Microsoft supplier has to be approved by the Microsoft Procurement group, have signed an agreement with Microsoft, and have a purchase order in hand (Our Process, 2003, para. 2). This procedure helps to avoid a great number of various problems connected with the payment methods and trust between partners. Moreover, the given practice makes the control over the spending of a company easier and Microsoft could manage its finances, deciding what sphere or project to invest. Additionally, it helps t o make the process of communication with some potential customers easier as this mechanism can prevent the appearance of various problems. Nevertheless, being one of the most beneficial companies in the world, Microsoft deals with great money flows. It is obvious that this process is also controlled and monitored. The company works mainly with cashless transfers. Customers payments, which come from the purchase of a product or some service, are transferred to the banking account of the company. This account serves for the further distribution of costs. It is also obvious that relevant authorities control all money flows in order to get rid of mistakes of currency violations. The given model turns out to be rather efficient and productive.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It should also be said that such a great company as Microsoft should obviously have a certain insurance strategy which main aim is to get rid of some unexpected and unpleasant cases and guarantee the stable functioning of a company and security for its workers. That is why the company pays about $20 million annually for commercial insurance (Wojcik, 2009). This insurance includes property coverage, crime, ransom, kidnap employment practices liability and a great number of other points (Wojcik, 2009). Additionally, there are some other nontraditional risk-finacning solutions that could provide about $2 billion dollars for the company in case of some complications or unexpected situations (Wojcik, 2009). It should be said that the main aim of buying insurance of the company nowadays is the attempt to guarantee security for all top managers and common workers in case of some catastrophic losses. Officials of the company do not eliminate the possibility of some natural catastrophe and w ant to be prepared for it. That is why, great sums of money are spent on it. However, Microsoft does not spend money on some issues which are taken as not important or expected. Some intellectual losses are not covered by the insurance as Microsoft has other remedies and tools to protect it. With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that the company wants to protect itself in case of emergency and buys insurance only if it could be taken as cost effective. Thus, having a great number of various assets like DirectX, Nokia, Xbox and many others, the company also provides insurance for them in order to be ready to compensate losses for staff that works at various departments. It should also be said that the Microsoft company cares not only about its facilities and products. though, it provides various kinds of services and bonuses for its staff. First of all, it is possible to say that work at this very company can be beneficial because of the high level of salary. However, i t is not the only advantage. The thing is that Microsoft provides complete and beneficial insurance for all its workers. First of all, one can admit 100% paid healthcare, including the dental one (Microsoft Careers, n.d). It means that if a worker of a company gets sick he/she can count on good treatment that will be provided in various hospitals of the UAE or the state that will be chosen by a worker. Moreover, there is the practice of maternity leave, when mothers receive eight weeks of paid maternity disability leave. Additionally, there is a paternal leave that provides benefits for new families in order to establish relations within the family. Thus, it should be said that there is a developed system of bonuses that could help to increase the level of performance of a worker and stimulate his/her better functioning. Workers, who can be described as very precise and efficient, receive some bonuses which show them that their efforts are appreciated. Moreover, there are some extra benefits, such as gyms, discounts and social clubs that serve to create the beneficial atmosphere for a worker and help him/her to become the part of a collective (Microsoft Careers, n.d). With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that high insurance rate of the company helps to make its workers feel secure and appreciated. With this in mind, it is possible to state the fact that the insurance provided for workers of the Microsoft company could be taken as one of the best in the world. However, it should also be said that workers also have to pay for this insurance. Usually, money is kept back from wages during the year that is why the sum is not so great for a worker. For example, it should be said that employees will be required to pay out-of-pocket maximums of $1,000 to $2,500 for catastrophic coverage (Eaton, 2010, para. 4). Thus, the given sum could be taken as quite fair in terms of existing insurance practice. The thing is that workers, who pay this money, are supp lied with the 100% free health care that could be much more expensive. That is why, these payments are taken by the company only for the purchase of the insurance connected with some severe complications or conditions, while the rest is paid by the company. That is why, existing insurance practice could be taken as a quite efficient one. Resting on these facts, having analyzed the main information connected with the activity of Microsoft corporation in the Gulf region, it is possible to make a certain conclusion. It should be said that realizing the great importance of the new and developing market, the company tries to organize it functioning in the most efficient way. Being ruled by the shareholders council, it tries to create clear and efficient pattern according to which the company will function and evolve. Microsoft already has great incomes in the given regions and, moreover, want to increase them. Additionally, wise and outstanding insurance policy, which main aim is to prot ect the top managers and workers of the company from various unexpected complications, also leads to the improvement of the image of Microsoft and attraction of new workers and customers. That is why, it is possible to conclude that Microsoft has good perspectives for its development in the Gulf region. References Eaton, N. (2010). Microsoft employees must contribute to health care in 2013. Retrieved from http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/2010/10/08/microsoft-employees-must-contribute-to-health-care-in-2013/ Microsoft Careers. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://careers.microsoft.com/benefits Microsoft Corporation (MSFT). (2015). Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/q/mh?s=MSFT+Major+Holders Our Process. (2003). Retrieved from https://www.microsoft.com/about/companyinformation/procurement/process/en/us/ Sheridan, P. (2014). Bill Gates no longer Microsofts biggest shareholder. CNN.com. Retrieved from http://money.cnn.com/2014/05/02/technology/gates-microsoft-stock-sale/ Wojcik, J. ( 2009). Microsoft relies on self-insurance for most exposures. Retrieved from businessinsurance.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=9999100027500

The 10 Best Fashion Schools What Makes Them Great

The 10 Best Fashion Schools What Makes Them Great SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Thinking about entering the fashion industry? You’re in for a fun, challenging career path. If you want to be well-prepared to enter any area of fashion - whether it’s the design side or the business side - an education at a well-reputed school will definitely be helpful. Before getting into the list of bestfashion schools, I’ll talk a bit about why you might want to attend a fashion school and how I compiled these rankings. What Is a Fashion School? A fashion school offers degrees that are specialized for students who plan on pursuing a career in the fashion industry. They often offer several different majors or specializations. The most popular thing to do with a fashion degree is design, but there are many other careers you can pursue with a degree in this field, including: Fashion merchandising and fashion buying Fashion marketing and PR Fashion production and management Fashion journalism and publishing Advertising Fashion technology A great fashion program will provide hands-on experience in the classroom and the field, as well as plenty of opportunities for internships and jobs for both students and graduates. The Ranking System Ranking lists can be really great if you want to get a general idea of what schools are out there and whether they fit your interests and criteria. The problem with many lists is that there’s no standardized ranking process or criteria, and they’re not always transparent about the ranking process. Although this particular ranking list should also just be used as a starting point for your own college research, I want to be much more clear about the process I used to determine the best fashion schools. First, I started by searching for colleges and universities that have a dedicated fashion major for undergraduates. After that, I took these major criteria into account: General School Reputation - The fashion industry is incredibly competitive to break into (check out The Devil Wears Prada for a very tiny, very dramatized taste of what I mean). It’s important that undergraduate students have access to the resources that come with a school that’s well-regarded by the industry. As you’ll see when you go through the rankings list, many fashion icons have visited or even lectured these schools for educational classes and seminars - this is a sign that these schools are taken seriously by those in fashion. Strength of Related Graduate Programs - Although I only listed schools here with dedicated undergraduate programs in fashion, schools got points if they have well-respected graduate programs in fashion or other related design fields. Undergraduate students studying fashion tend to benefit from faculty and resources in these graduate departments. Alumni - When a school boasts many notable alumni, this signals a couple of important things: the program itself produces strong graduates, and the school’s alumni network is strong and well-connected. Successful alumni boost a school’s reputation and make it easier for you to find a job later on. Location - The best internship and job opportunities (as well as galleries and design studios) are going to be in big fashion capitals: places like NYC, Paris, Milan, London, and even Hong Kong. Many of the schools listed below are located in these cities or have satellite campuses or programs there. Schools got bonus points if they give students options to study in a variety of locations. The 10 Top Fashion Schools, Ranked Although I was clear about the criteria used to compile this list, you should use it primarily as a jumping-off point for your own research - not an ultimate guide to the quality of a school’s program. I encourage you to focus less on the strict order of rankings (which is pretty subjective to begin with) and more on the individual characteristics of each school. Let’s get into the good stuff - the list of bestfashion schools. #1 Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT), New York, NY FIT is perhaps the most famous school for those aspiring to enter the world of fashion. Its programs focus on preparing students for professional excellence in design and business. FIT offers an incredibly wide range of undergraduate degree programs, including Accessories Design, Fabric Styling, Fashion Business Management, and Jewelry Design. In total, the school offers 48 degree programs in fashion and other creative and business professions. The school apparently takes full advantage of its NYC location, taking students on frequent field trips to corporate headquarters, design studios, galleries, and museums. Finally, many alumni are particularly successful in the business side of fashion and act as VPs, presidents, and CEOs. Fashion degrees offered: BFA, BS Read more about the program Attending any fashion school in NY will come with some important advantages, including ease of access to the fashion industry. #2 Parsons The New School, New York, NY The New School takes a more focused approach to fashion, offering only a BFA in fashion design for fashion-minded undergraduates. There are many others strong programs offered through the school, however - The New School is a well-respected school in all sorts of design fields, including Fine Arts and Interior Design. The fashion design program is housed in Parson’s School of Fashion, which has some strong fashion Master’s programs. Students complete a senior thesis as a capstone to their studies, which is great for developing a portfolio. Students can take advantage of the many professional opportunities available in NYC, especially with the school’s list of notable alumni (including Isaac Mizrahi and Donna Karan). Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #3 Pratt Institute, New York, NY It’s no surprise that the top three schools on this list are located in NYC. Fashion design students at the Pratt Institute have access to some great resources, in part due to the school’s location - for one, guest lecturers from all areas of the industry often give talks and seminars. Students here also end up with some great internships (at companies like Rag Bone, for example). The school also has strong design programs in other areas, including industrial and interior design. All students seem to benefit from strong career support from Pratt’s Center for Career and Professional Development, which presented more than 80 programs last year on topics such as career prep and innovation. Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #4 Savannah College of Art and Design, Savannah, GA SCAD, which offers a BFA in fashion design (in addition to an MA and MFA), is a very well-reputed, high-ranked design school with many other strong design programs. The school prides itself in staying on top of the latest design technology, which may be why it’s so successful at attracting top names in fashion for guest lectures, panel discussions, and student critiques. Some of these past fashion experts include Karl Lagerfeld, Tom Ford, Diane von Furstenberg, and Vera Wang. It’s no surprise that SCAD hosts one of the top student fashion shows in the country to showcase student work. You may not think of Savannah as a fashion capital, but you don’t have to. Fashion design students Students have the opportunity to study in Atlanta and Hong Kong. Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #5 Kent State University, Kent, OH Kent State has a few more options for students who are interested in the business side of the fashion industry - you can choose from a BA or BFA in Fashion Design or a BS in Fashion Merchandising. One unique option is a combined BS/MBA program in Fashion Merchandising. The school has its own satellite campus in NYC, which is definitely important considering that Kent, OH isn’t exactly a fashion capital. About 45 students a year head off to Florence, Italy to study at the school’s Palazzo campus. Kent State also has a partnership with The Paris Academy in Paris, France - overall, students seem to have lots of options when it comes to off-campus experiences. Finally, the school claims that their placement rate in the fashion industry for graduates of the Fashion School is over 90%. Fashion degrees offered: BA, BFA, BS/MBA Read more about the program If you’re more interested in merchandising than design, you may want to check out Kent State. #6 Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA Drexel, which offers a bachelor’s in fashion design, prepares students for careers in design, styling, advertising, and computer-aided and technical design. The school encourages hands-on experiences in the industry by requiring students to submit designs to national and international competitions. Drexel has a couple of interesting programs for fashion-minded students. First, there’s a unique six month â€Å"co-op† program - an extended internship of sorts - where students work at different companies around the country to develop their skills. Second, there’s a study abroad program at the College of London. There are many complementary undergraduate programs, including Design Merchandising and Entertainment Art. Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #7 Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles, CA Otis is an interesting option for fashion-minded students for a few reasons. First, fashion design students have the option to choose a Costume Design emphasis track within their major - a unique program of study that I haven’t seen at any of these other schools. Students have the opportunity to work in teams through junior and senior year to create unique designs, which is a great experience for when you transition to working in the actual industry. The school is also committed to sustainability in fashion - students can opt for a minor in sustainability if it’s something they’re particularly interested in. Current designers serve as mentors for fashion students, and recent upperclassmen mentor companies include places like Anthropologie, Nike, BCBG, Roxy, and more. The school has a lot of successful alumni living and working in NYC. Although LA isn’t quite the fashion capital that NY is, there are still quite a few designers based in the city whoare known for their trendy and unique work. Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program LA offers a great mix of â€Å"high fashion† and more casual, trendy design. #8 Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), Providence, RI RISD is a very well-known and well-respected art and design institution for both undergraduate and graduate students. Undergrads here have the option to get a BFA in â€Å"Apparel Design.† The apparel design program emphasizes (perhaps a bit more than other top programs) the development of advanced technical skills like superior design sketching, pattern cutting, and 3D draping. The school requires students to participate in internships and competitive opportunities, which thrusts you into the fashion industry fairly early on. The program’s senior thesis project is described as a â€Å"unified body of work that expresses personal design sensibility and showcases professional-grade conceptual and technical skills.† Students regularly visit NYC’s fashion district, which is fairly close. Providence itself may not seem like a fashion capital, but it has a very high number of artists per capita. It’s small but concentrated! Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #9 Columbus College of Art and Design, Columbus, OH Students here who choose to pursue a BFA in Fashion Design go on to do any number of things in the fashion industry, including working as fashion forecasters and costume designers. The school also offers an MFA in fashion design. Columbus has six large studios open to student access in addition to other labs (for example, a dye lab and pattern/draping lab). Notable alumni include people like Bruno Grizzo (who worked for Calvin Klein and Lanvin) and Genoveva Christoff (who has her own successful company). Fashion degrees offered: BFA Read more about the program #10Iowa State University, Ames, IA Fashion students here get a degree in Apparel, Merchandising, and Design, which is a bit broader than some of the options at other top fashion schools. A broad degree means broad career opportunities, including things like public relations director or fashion journalism. The school offers some impressive high-tech equipment, like a 3-D body scanner and industrial digital printer. Special classes help students find and research internships in the field. Fashion degrees offered: BS Read more about the program How to Choose the Right Fashion School for You Although there are fewer fashion program choices out there than say, liberal BA program choices, you still have to sift through a lot of information to pick a school that's right for you. Hopefully, this list of schools has given you a good place to start - but there are other things to keep in mind before committing to a particular school. There are few more things to consider here than when you’re deciding what to wear to that party tonight. Decide Betweenan Arts-Focused School anda More Traditional College Most of the schools listed here are dedicated solely to fashion or a combination of fashion, design, and arts. This may be great for you if you’re not interested in a liberal arts education or fulfilling general education requirements. If you’re looking for a more â€Å"traditional† college experience, however, you may want to look into liberal arts colleges that may not be 100% dedicated to arts, design, and fashion, but still offer great fashion programs for undergrads. Choose a School That Offers a Degree You Want Many of the schools on the above list focus on fashion design. If you’re sure that you’re interested in the design side of fashion, then this sort of program is a good fit. There are so many other options, though, especially at powerhouses like FIT. There’s much more to the fashion industry than design, so make sure to check out other programs and majors before making a decision. Consider Whether You Want a Flexible or Focused Program Some of the programs above offer plenty of room for students to explore their artistic and design interests, and boast dozens of degree options and specializations. Others are more focused and narrow, and may be good fits for students who already know what interests they want to pursue. Spend some time exploring the programs' websites to get a better feel for your options. Finda Program With Portfolio Requirements That You'll Be Able to Meet You'll have to submit a portfolio as part of the application process for the schools listed above. Some of these portfolio requirements may seem reasonable, whereas others might be tough to meet. Explore each program's portfolio requirements well ahead of any application deadlines. Think About the School More Generally Granted, many of the schools on this list are design- or arts-focused, but your college experience will depend on more than just what you’ll experience through your program. Other, more practical student life concerns will definitely affect how happy you may be at a particular school. What do you think of the student housing options? The dining plans? The student groups on campus? The general location? Once you consider all these factors, you'll be better able to choose a fashion program that's right for you. The better the fit, the more successful you're likely to be in school and your career. What’s Next? Choosing where you’ll end up for college is a stressful decision for many students. Read more about if it matters, and why the college you select may impact your future. Once you have an idea of where you’d like to end up, boost your chances of success by learning about how to get into your top choice schools. When you have several options to choose from, read about how to choose which college to actually attend. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Proposal for the Creation of Best Town Police Department Research Paper - 1

Proposal for the Creation of Best Town Police Department - Research Paper Example The overall conclusion tries to draw a relationship between all the existing factors that are involved in designing an able and efficient police department, in light of Best Town. The general aim of this proposal is to provide recommendations for a police department for Best Town community based on reports that the community is not satisfied by the services provided by the county police department. The town therefore feels the need to have their own police department, and this proposal aims to provide recommendations and ideas on how to implement such a department. The department would take up all the crimes committed in the town, as its sole mandate would be to ensure proper law enforcement for Best Town. There are various elements that define life in any society. These include the social, political, environmental, technological, economic, and even cultural factors that all have a bearing on how a society is going to structured. Each of these factors has its own distinctive characteristics that make it efficient in the part that it plays in the society. In addition, all of them relate, and have some form of interdependence such that for the maximization of any of the factors, the others also have to be enjoying some level of stability. This means that for the economic factors to be at their best, the political and even social elements have to be just as successful and in a stable state. The converse is also true. This type of relationship reduces any instance of impasse that would arise should one factor fall greatly behind. Through all this, security is of key significance. Security is like the bond that links all the aforementioned factors. While some of them may be relatively effi cient in the absence of the others, like environmental factors being favorable at the expense of technological advancement, none can have a substantial amount of success at the expense of security. This highlights the

Difficulties and Challenges of Nokia Company Essay

Difficulties and Challenges of Nokia Company - Essay Example From this study it is clear that net cash and value of liquid assets declined by $2 billion year-on-year, while it decreased by $9 billion as compared to the same quarter last year. Moreover, Microsoft assisted Nokia with $250m for "platform support payments", it implies that Nokia's operations have consumed $1.15 billion. According to Henry Blodget, if the situation remains same, Nokia is estimated to go bankrupt within two years. Henry's idea is a bit too extreme because Nokia can convert its assets into cash for recovery. However, once market losses confidence on a company's future, vendors demand payments and customers become hesitant that leads to nothing but crisis. Source: Jean-Louis Gassee, 2012. Huge volume of mobile phone is decreased by 16 percent. Even worse, average selling price (ASP) also declined by 18 percent to $44. In developing countries, Nokia is overtaken by Huawei and ZTE which are marketing smartphoens and feature phones at a very low price. According to the c hart above, Nokia's smartphone ship is also sinking. The volume is -51 percent as compared to the volume in same quarter last year. With $189 ASP, it cannot make give any financial boost since this is the production cost of one unit. However, Nokia is planning to counter them through Asha family of mobiles. Another hope for Nokia is the new Window Phone "smart device". Nokia's latest smatphone, Lumia's performance is also unidentified. This essay declares that another rumor, though well-supported by Mary Jo Foley, an authority on Microsoft, and The Verge, a credible blog, is that existing Lumia phone will not be upgraded to the next OS version, Windows Phone 8.The existing Windows Phone OS is based on the venerable Windows CE kernel. Regardless of veneration, Microsoft would have gone for a modern alternative for Windows Phone 8.It's better be rumor for Nokia because they have already convinced their customers that Symbian-based phones are useless in future. If they deal with Lumia in the same way, future would be even bleak (Gassee, 2012). Considering the rise of Android and iOS, an ex-Microsoft executive said that Nokia is not in the competition for devices but in a battle of ecosystems. Stephen Elop also announced that Nokia is moving from Symbian and Meego software platforms to Microsoft Windows Phone ecosystem. Gruber's source is Jean-Louis Gassee, he points out that Nokia's current devices are using old Symbian S60 stacks, comparatively new Symbian^3 and Symbian^4 engines, and Meego. He criticises Nokia and says how Nokia expects to stay in competition with the likes of Apple, Google, and HP when playing such a disorganized game. This paper outlines that on the other hand, Kotch finds that prevalaing perception that Nokia cannot handle two OS is unrealistic since other companies do it very successfully. The only problem with Nokia is that it is not an American company. He identifies that Nokia has more than two operating systems, for instance, S40 and so me others for cheap features and basic phones. According to Kotch Nokia's problem is not with the OS, but with the execution. While stating that Symbian is a feature, not a bug, Kotch   confirms that it is useless,

How the feminist movement has influenced female artists working with Essay

How the feminist movement has influenced female artists working with technology - Essay Example This paper presents how feminist movement has influenced female artists working with technology. It also presents a brief overview of what feminism used to look like in art, in addition to, the historical sense of the feminist movement in terms of art. Additionally, it presents what the feminist movement looks like today for female artists, especially, for those working with technology, such as, female video game designers, engineers or computer specialists. Finally, this paper presents a conclusion of the findings and analysis of literature on the subject of feminist movements. The main question that comes to the mind of many when the feminist movement is raised is what feminist art stands for. Arts analysts and historical researchers have, ever since, argued over the subject of feminist art. They try to establish whether it was a period in the history of art, a lobby group or a complete makeover of how things should be carried out on the subject of female contributions. According to Motta, Flesher, Eschle and Laurence (2012), a number of researchers have judged feminist movements against surrealism. In this regard, many people consider feminist art not as an art technique, but to a certain extent, a process of creating gender sensitive art or integrate women in art galleries and exhibitions. Feminist art has spurred debate also on the subject of post-modernism. Feminist art entails the creation of value and meaning in art while integrating women in the modern forms of art techniques (Redfern and Aune 7). According to Motta et al. (2012), feminist art also provoked debate on whether the historical western art was a global representation of art regardless of men dominating in most spheres. It is therefore, possible to establish that feminist art entails artists working with the thoughts of gender, personality and outward appearance. Feminist art entails the use of performance art, such as, videos and

Disaster At D-day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster At D-day - Essay Example US thought a short route would be a more optimum approach for long term. Operation Sledgehammer and Operation Roundup were the two preliminary proposals drawn up. Operation Sledgehammer was planned to invade Germany in 1942 and Operation Roundup was planned for a larger attack in 1943, which later on became Operation Overload and was delayed until 1944. In 1943 the then Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC) British Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Morgan planned the initial process and later his plan was adopted and refined in the year 1944 by General Dwight David Eisenhower who was the head of the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). Because of the short operating range of the allied fighters made it the ground situation more difficult since limited possibility of amphibious landing sites. The geography reduced the optional striking sites to two: the Pas de Calais and the Normandy coast. Pas de Calais was heavily fortified and defended by the Germans because they know that it offers the shortest path to the European mainland from UK and more importantly it offers a direct route to Germany. Therefore Normandy became an obvious choice for the allied forces to attack. In January 1944 general Sir Bernard Montgomery was appointed as commander of 21st Army Group to which all the invaing ground forces command was given. He was also responsible for developing the invasion plan. COSSAC proposed a plan to attack with three divisions by sea and two brigades landed by air. Later Montgomery increased the scale of intial attack to five divisions by sea and three by air. In total 47 divisions under the supervision of British command was formulated to the battle of Normandy. The 47 divisions include 21 American, 19 British, 5 Canadian, 1 Polish and 1 Free French division. The total number of troops of aliied forces were 140,000. Montgomery planned it to be a ninety day battle where British and Canadian forces forming a shoulder and US army moving to the right. Around 6,900 vessels, 4,100 landing craft and 12,000 aircraft would be involved in the invasion. About 10,000 tons of bombs were supposed to be dropped and 14,000 attack sorties had to be flown. Allied forces rehearsed every day for the D-Day invasion in advance. They don't wanted to take any chances so they rehearsed their to perection. Germans fortified the the foreshore which was guared by four divisions. The fotification was part of their Atlantic Aall defences and was guarded by the four divisions of which only one division (352nd) was of high quality and that too the cadre of the 321st division-the core of 352nd. The 352nd division has many troops that participated in war against the allied forces before and was carrying out anti-invasion exercises. The other troops include were, usually for medical reasons, and were declared unfit for active duty. After witnessing the harsh reality that prevailed in German POW camps Soviet prisoners agreed to fight for Germans. Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was given command of the Atlantic Wall. After inspecting the Atlantic Wall Rommel requested Hitler to increase the defences. After inspection he found that Atlantic Wall only covered the ports themselves, beaches were barely defended and there was every possibility of Allies capturing the key points from inland. He improved the defences acrss the coast line and made it stronger. Steel obstacles were laid, booby traps were prepared, bunkers and pillboxes were constructed. Though

Legal Monopoly in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Legal Monopoly in the USA - Essay Example Kaufmann and Francis (17) denote that a legal monopoly can take t government the form of a government monopoly. A government monopoly is whereby the state controls and owns a certain type of industry or production units. A good example of a government monopoly is the Postal Service of the US (USPS). This organization has a legal and exclusive right to deliver letters and mails to all the citizens of the United States. This is irrespective of any region they are in America. Kaufmann and Francis (19) also identify a government granted monopoly as an example of a legal monopoly. In this type of monopoly, the various interests of the private sector are protected from competition by laws of a state. Larson (26) denotes that activities of government granted monopolies are always constantly regulated for purposes of ensuring that they do not exploit their customers. Larson (27) goes on to denote that an example of a government granted monopoly is the patented inventions. Larson (29) defines a patent as an example of a limited monopoly, in which the holder of the patent is given an exclusive right to develop, sale, and use the patented invention for a particular period of time. The United States patent act lays out the regulations and the conditions to be met, for an individual to be given a patent right by the United States government. Originally, this law was enacted by the congress to protect the inventions of American inventors, and give them an exclusive right over the usage of their discoveries. This is contained in article 1, under section 8, and clause 8. Larson (32) goes on to denote that the main aim of granting patent rights is to encourage investors to invest their resources and time for purposes of building new discoveries and inventions which are useful to the country.  

Disaster At D-day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disaster At D-day - Essay Example US thought a short route would be a more optimum approach for long term. Operation Sledgehammer and Operation Roundup were the two preliminary proposals drawn up. Operation Sledgehammer was planned to invade Germany in 1942 and Operation Roundup was planned for a larger attack in 1943, which later on became Operation Overload and was delayed until 1944. In 1943 the then Chief of Staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC) British Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Morgan planned the initial process and later his plan was adopted and refined in the year 1944 by General Dwight David Eisenhower who was the head of the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). Because of the short operating range of the allied fighters made it the ground situation more difficult since limited possibility of amphibious landing sites. The geography reduced the optional striking sites to two: the Pas de Calais and the Normandy coast. Pas de Calais was heavily fortified and defended by the Germans because they know that it offers the shortest path to the European mainland from UK and more importantly it offers a direct route to Germany. Therefore Normandy became an obvious choice for the allied forces to attack. In January 1944 general Sir Bernard Montgomery was appointed as commander of 21st Army Group to which all the invaing ground forces command was given. He was also responsible for developing the invasion plan. COSSAC proposed a plan to attack with three divisions by sea and two brigades landed by air. Later Montgomery increased the scale of intial attack to five divisions by sea and three by air. In total 47 divisions under the supervision of British command was formulated to the battle of Normandy. The 47 divisions include 21 American, 19 British, 5 Canadian, 1 Polish and 1 Free French division. The total number of troops of aliied forces were 140,000. Montgomery planned it to be a ninety day battle where British and Canadian forces forming a shoulder and US army moving to the right. Around 6,900 vessels, 4,100 landing craft and 12,000 aircraft would be involved in the invasion. About 10,000 tons of bombs were supposed to be dropped and 14,000 attack sorties had to be flown. Allied forces rehearsed every day for the D-Day invasion in advance. They don't wanted to take any chances so they rehearsed their to perection. Germans fortified the the foreshore which was guared by four divisions. The fotification was part of their Atlantic Aall defences and was guarded by the four divisions of which only one division (352nd) was of high quality and that too the cadre of the 321st division-the core of 352nd. The 352nd division has many troops that participated in war against the allied forces before and was carrying out anti-invasion exercises. The other troops include were, usually for medical reasons, and were declared unfit for active duty. After witnessing the harsh reality that prevailed in German POW camps Soviet prisoners agreed to fight for Germans. Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was given command of the Atlantic Wall. After inspecting the Atlantic Wall Rommel requested Hitler to increase the defences. After inspection he found that Atlantic Wall only covered the ports themselves, beaches were barely defended and there was every possibility of Allies capturing the key points from inland. He improved the defences acrss the coast line and made it stronger. Steel obstacles were laid, booby traps were prepared, bunkers and pillboxes were constructed. Though

Motivation to study and its implication in academic excellence Essay

Motivation to study and its implication in academic excellence - Essay Example Many theories have attempted to define and explain motivation as a basic drive to minimise physical pain and maximise pleasure, the pursuit of a state of being, an ideal or altruistic concept amongst other drives. Motivation is important to teaching and learning because it lays a crucial role in the student’s approach to learning, as understanding their motivation can potentially predict levels of interest and effort placed on the process of learning and consequently academic results. Stipek (1988) proposed a variety of reasons for lack of motivation and behaviours associated with high academic achievement; he specifically found that encouraging intrinsic motivation helped to improve learning outcomes. Intrinsic motivation, however, often requires more effort to generate than extrinsic motivation. To decide if it is worth this extra effort, the degree to which improvements occur has to be quantified to see if results compare favourably to more direct motivational methods, such as high-stakes examinations. Personality profiling may also offer an additional advantage given the widening participation agenda, as different types of motivation may be shown as more effective for students at r isk of failure. This research may consequently lead to suggesting alterations in teaching practice and support mechanisms which enhance the learning process for specific types of students. Following ethical approval, 120 first-year medical students from a single institution were invited to complete an online survey. Response anonymity was ensured through use of a third-party website which collected responses without requesting information which could be used to identify individuals. Ritchie & Lewis stress the need to demonstrate any potential reciprocity when seeking participants so as to ensure a positive relationship with research in general and to make the immediate proposition

Nowadays the effect of modern society have clearly shown on human society Essay Example for Free

Nowadays the effect of modern society have clearly shown on human society Essay Nowadays the effect of modern society have clearly shown on human society after 1950’s; however, there still have people live in minority types of family role in the united states and others Asian, Middle East, and Africa are known that man as breadwinner and woman as homemaker. There are few categories that play primary factors including culture and religion, and they become a barrier for people want to live in modern society. Although the changing gender roles of modern society have been observed and been perceived through times, the acceptance of its transformation still causes negative effects to society and family. In modern society, the idea of changing gender roles seem to be difficult not only woman or man do not have the skills for other one’s tasks but it also brings potentially risk to our society. In 1950s, the gender roles have been defined that man as breadwinner and woman as homemaker. As the society’s evolved, a woman becomes more active, ambitious and independent and a man becomes more emotional and involved in house tasks. According to Aaron H. Devor in his article, â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† â€Å"†¦society demands different gender performance from us and reward, tolerates, or punishes us differently for conformity to, or digression from social norm† (527). Thus, when the gender roles are defined in terms of social interaction, then social norms seem to play a key role with it. The social norms tell us how the male and female should behave, expecting people to have their own personal characteristic an d act in a way appropriate to their gender. Even when the changing gender roles affect society, it still needs to consider and follow particularistic obligation of each gender roles. According to Bureau of Labor Statistics, woman make up 47 percents of the work place between the ages of 25 and 54 worked outside home in 1995. Therefore, woman spends less time with their children or sends them to babysitter. When the society evolves and the value of the society around us has evaluated as more generalized norms of society, it will affect to the next generation. According to Devor in his article, â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† â€Å"†¦.children initially acquire the value of the society around them almost indiscriminately. To the degree that children absorb the generalized standard of society into their personal concept of that is the generalized other† (530). Therefore, the changes of each parent directly affect to their children and its transformation causes the original characteristic of children to disappear or unnoticeable. Most children consider their parent as role model to follow and learn. Thus, the society and family both play a primary affect to the next generation through changing gender roles. As the previous idea, the family will affect to their children’s gender role; however, the reason unnecessarily applies to all aspects. When the families loosen attention on their children, the lacks of familial concern causes more damaged or perverted and leads the children to the wrong path in future. Each of individual family members which play a central help to their children need to consider what they do or how they behave toward their children. According to â€Å"Becoming members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† the family cannot pressure their children to choose the gender, when the time is right, their children will choose the appropriate gender (Devor 534). I deprecate the way of Devor’s thought, there are statistical datas show that the gender roles of children or adults have been modified by their parent and they are more likely becoming their own gender role. It is only right when the parent helps their children to choose the right path. Because of development of modern society, it appears many people not become what they are such as gays and lesbian, and it is because the lack of concern from their family. In conclusion, modern society has tremendous effects toward the development of our society; however, it also brings the potential risk, and affect to each family generation, and the lack of concerning to children in family during their mature. If we can mix the old and modern family types together, it will give us a perfect family formation in reality. The family cannot live either old type or modern type because it rules out the family existence or cannot have rigid family bond.

Consumerism And Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

Consumerism And Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay Sustainable development has been a goal widely pursued by all nations, globally. Citizens lifestyle has an important effect on the sustainability of a city. A sustainable lifestyle will promote the development of a society; on the contrary, an unsustainable lifestyle will hinder the development of economy and society. At the same time, globalization also has vital effect on development of a society including positive and negative. In human living environment area, the Agenda 21 was held up and adopted, in the agenda, people tried to find the appropriate way to achieve a sustainable living lifestyle. According to Agenda 21, the reason why the global environment becomes deteriorated is mainly the unsustainable pattern of production and consumption, especially in industrialized countries, which needs serious concern, aggravating poverty and imbalances. However, with the increase of global population, how to balance the relationship between resources supply and demand to achieve the goal of sustainability is complicated. For communities and individuals, special attention should be paid on the use of natural resources which generated by unsustainable consumption and reduction of pollution. In other words, the communities and individuals should look for an appropriate living style of environment-friendly, energy conservation towards achieving sustainable goal. Although government has been put much efforts to encourage people to do some reduction of pollution, reduction of energy consumption, and waste recycling, actually there is still a long distance to reach the goal of sustainability, and there should be a series of fundamentally changes for individuals to adopt to pursue a green, sustainable society. Globalization Globalization means different things to different people. In general, globalization is a process that promotes world-wide exchanges of national and cultural resources. It has many aspects including economic globalization, social cultural globalization, and environmental globalization. In recent decades, the world markets have become integrated (Simone Borghesi 2001) As Lindert and Williamson 2011 pointed out, world market integration is not a new phenomenon, but it has steadily increased since the 1820s if we exclude the period between the two World Wars. (P.H.Lindert 2001)The increasing economic globalization could promote the society to be sustainable in one hand because the objective of sustainable development is the development should meet the needs of all people, however, this could not be realized in a limited environment. As we all know the carrying capacity of environment is limited, but the globalization increased the trade between nations in terms of the productions. Howeve r, on the other hand, the globalization of markets also brought about globalization of environmental problems. A long-term correlation between the globalization of international markets and environmental degradation is quite obviously (R. Looney 2003) Global climate change, ozone layer becomes thinner, reduction of biodiversity, over consumption of natural resources, desertification are all global environmental degradation brought by the economic globalization. The industrial revolution use large amount of natural resources as materials in the process, this led to the deterioration of environment and pollution. The acceleration of economic growth led to the increasing of world population that also promoted the deterioration of environment. In order to achieve much profit, companies extend the use of land, damage the habitats of living organisms, thus, decrease the biodiversity. In addition producers focus more on the economic values of products instead of their environmental values, this will lead to the imbalance of environment. Lifestyle and sustainability Concept of sustainable development The concept of sustainability means that something is maintained for a period of long time. The concept of sustainable development first came out of the United Nations Conference on Human Environment in (1972) Since the publication of the UN Brundtland Commission report  Our Common Future  in 1987, the concept of sustainability has become associated with the integration of economic, social, and environmental development to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs(Development 1982)In this definition, we should focus on two key points, one is the needs and the other is meet the generation needs need the efforts of all nations. Thus, the conference required the cooperation of all nations to act to reduce the environmental pollution and protection of resources. Since then, it has become clear that what we do has an impact on the environment, from the climate change, desertification, and the destruction of forests to the disappearance of species. By discussing the impact of human beings behavior on the environment, it should be in a social and economic dimension, especially the North- South dialogue and the rights of future generations. This finally led to the United Nations Convention on Education and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. In this conference, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration and 38 of the 40 chapters of Agenda 21 were agreed. (Development 1992) After that the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was set up to review progress in the implementation of Agenda 21 and other UNCED documents. There are more than 1000 NGOs are accredited to participate the Commission work(Nations 1987) Concept of lifestyle The concept of lifestyle comes from social science and refers to a bundle of practices or ways of behaving that are meaningful for individual as well for the community. Lifestyle includes different ways of socializing with others and different types of consumption of everything, from houses to clothes, food, and leisure time activities. Lifestyle could reflect individuals attitude and values and at the same time signals these to others through visible, or conspicuous, consumption. Sustainable lifestyle can thus be defined as bundles of practices that are tied together by attitudes related to sustainable development, or as ways of living that in practice lead to sustainable development. In 1992 at the UN Conference in Rio de Janeiro, there was an international agreement on promoting sustainable development and thus also promoting sustainable lifestyle. Following the line of the Brundtland report, the conference reached consensus on the so-called Agenda 21 programme, which contains detailed guidelines and objectives, in a non-legally binding language, and advice on how NGOs, citizens, and other actors can be involved in the process. The slogan was act local -think global and during the 1990s Local Agenda activities were started in many countries by both governments and NGOs. In 2007-08 such initiatives received high attention, with global climate being highlight on the political agenda. Local Agenda 21 was no longer a slogan, though the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles were then used together with climate discussions. The processes of Local Agenda 21 build on the idea that changes must come from below, from changes in the everyday life o f ordinary consumers. Current lifestyle When talking about living lifestyle, smoking, poor nutrition, obesity, elevated stress, and suboptimal sleep will come into ones mind, these are major contributors to the general of lifestyle-related conditions, morbidity, and premature death (Dean 2008) Preventable lifestyle-related conditions such as ischemic heart disease, lasting bronchitis, and emphysema, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and some cancers, are not only leading causes of disability and premature death in high-income countries, but increasingly in middle and low-income countries (Tal Gilbert 2004) Compared to the impact of environment brought from lifestyle, the bad lifestyle seems to have much effect on individuals health. However, from long-term sight, bad lifestyle will bring waste of resources, pollution of environment and at last hinder the development of society. When considering the relationship between lifestyle and consumerism, green consumerism should be advocated (Andrew Gilg 2005) Then what is green consumerism? In short, who buys and why. Current global levels of domestic energy consumption and waste production have been acknowledge as important contribution to the detriment of environment (Nations 1998) This reflects a abnormal consumerism that who needs so much energy and whether they really need. This caused the debate of how we will live in the future(De Young 1993) and response there has been a call for the development of national policies and strategies to encourage changes in consumption patterns(UNCED 1992:64). One approach has been the promotion of environmentally-friendly lifestyles which often take the form of media or community campaigns. These campaigns encourage individuals not only to decrease the amount consumed, but also to alter the nature of goods consumed (lUCN/UNEPAVWF 1991). Many studies will discuss in later sect ion. Changing Lifestyles towards Sustainability In discussion of sustainable lifestyles above, how to achieve sustainable lifestyles is important. There are two ways of changing lifestyles: bottom-up and top-down. (Hanssen 2012) The so-called bottom-up means people themselves try to find sustainable lifestyles with their knowledge and experiments, and the second way means changing the lifestyles by enforcement of government. Authorities can promote changes by political initiatives such as economic incentives or green taxes and through information and labeling of green products and campaigns focusing on changing attitudes. Furthermore, authorities can focus on establishing the physical infrastructure which supports sustainable lifestyles: public transportation, renewable energy production, recycling waste system, and so on. As the discussion above, it is the needs for individuals and government to change the lifestyle and the lifestyle needs to be sustainable. Many countries have been implemented sustainable lifestyles. The global climate change has caused the attention from all over the world, and many countries have been done for it. For example, the non-motorized in Amsterdam. Today, due to the lack of natural recourses, the transportation system becomes unsustainable. The carbon emission from the combustion of fossil fuel is the contribution to the air pollution. Therefore, it is encouraged encourage people to use more bicycle or walking instead of motors in order to not only to reduce the carbon emission but also to get a healthy lifestyle. The picture shows people in Amsterdam riding a bicycle (Figure1) Another example is a car dependent city of UK-Belfast. This is a city depend seriously on cars. The research was done to see the citizens response to the measures of limit the use of cars and their attitudes and awareness of climate change. Sweden is adopting the measures to reduce carbon emission from transportation to decrease the climate change. And in Malaysia, the government wants to do the similar to reduce the air pollution especially global climate change, however, the climate in Malaysia may be a challenge for implementation of this. Because the climate in Malaysia is the tropical rainforest climate, the temperature there is also higher for people to ride bicycles(M. R.Mat Yazide 2011) Therefore, this programme needs to be evaluated in Malaysia. From these examples, we can see that the sustainable lifestyle is a main stream for each country. There is a research about the carbon emission of each nation, from the chart ,we can see that those nations with high income have higher emission(Figure 2). Figure 1. People are riding bicycles in Amsterdam source:(M. R.Mat Yazide 2011) 1-s2.0-S1877343509000396-gr1.jpg Figure 2. Country-wise emission per capita source:(Pal 2009) Those countries which have high income have the high carbon emission (Figure 2) It is unequally for those low income countries who to share the deterioration environment. It is not the responsibilities of one or two countries, but the world-wise efforts to reduce the carbon emission globally. In the recent decades, some nations have been tried to change their citizens lifestyle through public participation, and associated with some NGOs develop some environmental protection programmes. These activities are all design to increase the citizens awareness to let them know the living environment has become deteriorated. Water should be recycled, waste should be classified, energy should be produced from renewable resources, and the community building in neighborhoods to strengthen and revitalize local social life. In order to look for a new, environment-friendly lifestyle, eco-village was born (Hanssen 2012) The people deciding to build and live in these eco-villages thus establish other physical, social, and cultural structures around their everyday life as part of living a sustainable lifestyle. However, this type of lifestyle was questioned that whether this really can lead to the global sustainable lifestyle or only the pursuit of a small part of people. In addition, this raises the question of whether sustainable lifestyles are only for those who want to live an alternative life or whether they should be acted as a mainstream trend and made available for a broader audience. In order to find a more sustainable lifestyle and examine which type is more effective for people and society to implement, many studies were done by researchers. In general, social science is used to deal with such issues and divided into two directions, psychological and sociological approaches. As an example of the psychological approach, there was a study done to look the effects of an Internet-based tool that used a combination of tailored information, goal setting, and feedback on households direct and indirect energy consumption in Netherlands. An evaluation lasts 5 months showed that households gained a significant direct energy saving of 5%, whereas there was no measurable effect on indirect energy consumption. It is thus possible to document a small but significant relation between knowledge and action. From a sociological approach, the Action at home of UK, which is part of the Global Action Plan that originally developed in the United States during the late 1980s, has been evaluated by Hobson to find the simple relation between knowledge and change of behavior (Hanssen 2012)The Action at home programme lasted 6-month where households were provided with information, support, and feedback in a local setting enabling local support and networking between participants. An evaluation based on qualitative interviews suggests rethinking the ideas on information, barriers, and behavioral change. Information should be seen as a much more constructivist approach, where people use and develop arguments through conversations with others, rather than by receiving objective knowledge. The focus should be on the whole array of social structures sustaining specific behaviors, rather than on only barriers to action, and finally the understanding of behavioral change should rather focus on how debat e can bring unnoticed routines that are never consciously thought of. Though there are disagreements in the understanding of behavior and the role of information between the social and the psychological approach, it is possible to draw some general recommendations on how to best persuade people to change to a more sustainable lifestyle: Communication should be as specific and personalized as possible, and information should be as adjusted to the lifestyle of the citizens as possible, thereby making the advice meaningful and useful for the citizens attitudes and practices. Conclusion In order to achieve a global, green, sustainable development, the efforts needed from all over the world. For governments, based on the Agenda 21 and the characteristics of city, they should formulate the local strategy to meet the needs of development is the most important thing. Such as in Hong Kong, due to the limitation of land and high building density, government should make some strategies like economic incentive to encourage local citizens to reduce the private cars and increase use of public transportation. However, the premise of implementation of reduction of private cars should be the sound transportation system. A sound transportation will bring more convenient to citizens like time saving. For citizens in Hong Kong, time is money, to save time equals to earn money. Thus, for cities like Hong Kong with fast life, using of public transportation instead of private cars will bring amount of saving of energy and reduction of air pollution. Sustainable development is a long-term process that getting more from less, for longer and for all. For people, they should start from changing their daily life. As the analysis above, people could do to reduce the stress of environment from these following aspects: Resources conservation Resources conservation including reduction of using natural resources to make sure the limited resources could use longer for more people. Such as water conservation in daily life. Water is the source of life. People could not live on earth without water. Another important resource is biodiversity. Biodiversity conservation should be paid much attention because the whole earth includes people, animals, atmosphere, land and water stays in a stable system. Lacking of one of these factors, the system will damage, and we human beings could gain the benefits from the biodiversity such as food, fibers and even medicine. These are the necessities for human beings life. Rich biodiversity will offer the ongoing resources for future generations to reach the sustainable goal. Resources recycling The resource recycling is mainly about the waste classification. There will be amount of domestic waste production in our daily life. The compound of the domestic waste is so complex and difficult to deal with. And the process of dealing with the waste will bring the pollution of environment such as release the greenhouse gas, sewage discharge into river and marine. Waste classification could reduce the difficulties in the process of dealing and increase the effectiveness. The most common waste in our life is plastic bags and bottles. And the material of the plastic bags and bottles is too difficult to deal with, so it is important to distinguish it from other types of waste and deal with centralized. Resources reuse Resource reuse means using again especially in a different way. This could help increase the effectiveness a resource. For example, the can could use to keep the screws that we do not need to buy another container. This will help saving not only money but also resources. In our life, especially for children, because of their growth, their clothes will become too small to wear. At this time, some parents will consider throwing them out then buy new ones. This is an unsustainable behavior. On the contrary, many parents will consider passing the cloth to other children who can wear them. Giving things to those people who need them is better treated as litter. This behavior reduces the production of waste. The three aspects above are what we can do now in our daily life to help construct a sustainable society. In the process of changing lifestyle, however, citizens attitudes play a vital role. This related to their awareness to the environmental and social risks. It is need to increase citizens awareness through formal and informal education. However, sustainability is a contested concept, and developments in the structures and practices of everyday life continue to change and thus provide new challenges for what a sustainable lifestyle is or should be. In the future, there is also a need to continue experimenting, debating, and developing new approaches to sustainable lifestyles